What do the layered sections of myelin primarily influence in axonal conduction?

The layered sections of myelin play a crucial role in enhancing the speed of electrical signal transmission along the axon. Myelin acts as an insulating sheath around the axon, allowing for the propagation of action potentials through a process known as saltatory conduction. In this process, electrical impulses jump between the Nodes of Ranvier—gaps in the myelin sheath—rather than traveling the entire length of the axon membrane. This results in a significantly faster transmission of signals compared to unmyelinated fibers, where the impulses must propagate continuously along the entire membrane.

The speed at which signals travel along myelinated axons can be several times faster than in unmyelinated axons, making myelination vital for the efficient functioning of the nervous system. This enhancement of conduction velocity is essential for rapid communication between neurons, allowing reflexes and coordinated movements to occur swiftly. Thus, the layered myelin layers directly influence the speed of electrical signal transmission in axonal conduction.