What is the purpose of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs)?

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) are primarily utilized to evaluate the integrity and functionality of central nervous system pathways that transmit sensory information. When a sensory stimulus, such as a tactile or electrical stimulus applied to the skin, is delivered, sensory receptors convert that stimulus into electrical impulses. These impulses are then transmitted through peripheral nerves to the spinal cord and ascend to the brain.

The SSEP test records the electrical activity in response to these sensory stimuli at various points in the central nervous system, particularly from the peripheral nerves to the somatosensory cortex in the brain. This allows for assessment of the conduction pathways involved in sensory impulse transmission, helping clinicians determine if there are any abnormalities in these pathways that could indicate a neurological issue.

By focusing on the evaluation of central pathways, SSEPs provide crucial information that aids in diagnosing conditions that affect sensory pathways, such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, or peripheral neuropathies. Thus, understanding the specific function of SSEPs reinforces their role in assessing the central nervous system's response to sensory stimuli.