Which condition is an example of Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP)?

Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP) is a specific type of Guillain-Barré syndrome, which is characterized by rapid onset of muscle weakness and is often preceded by an infection. The condition involves the immune system mistakenly attacking the peripheral nervous system, leading to demyelination of the sensory and motor fibers. This process affects the ability of nerves to transmit impulses effectively, resulting in symptoms such as weakness, loss of reflexes, and sensory changes.

Guillain-Barré syndrome is typically identified by its acute onset and the pattern of progressive weakness, making it a classic example of AIDP. The association with prior infections, such as those caused by Campylobacter jejuni or certain viral infections, further solidifies the connection between Guillain-Barré syndrome and AIDP.

In contrast, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects motor neurons, muscular dystrophy involves genetic deterioration of muscle fibers, and polymyositis is an inflammatory condition affecting skeletal muscle. These conditions have different underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology compared to AIDP.