Which nerve is most commonly affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?

The median nerve is commonly affected in carpal tunnel syndrome, which occurs when the median nerve, which runs through the carpal tunnel in the wrist, becomes compressed. This condition typically results from repetitive wrist movements or conditions that cause swelling in the wrist area. Symptoms associated with median nerve compression include tingling, numbness, and weakness in the hand, particularly affecting the thumb, index, middle fingers, and part of the ring finger.

The anatomical location of the median nerve makes it particularly susceptible to compression in the narrow space of the carpal tunnel, which is bounded by bones and ligaments. Unlike the ulnar or radial nerves, which serve different regions of the arm and hand, the median nerve is directly involved in the sensory and motor functions of the anterior (palmar) aspect of the hand, thus making it the nerve most affected in the context of carpal tunnel syndrome. Understanding the role and path of the median nerve can help in both diagnosing and managing this common condition.