Which nerve is most commonly tested in upper extremity nerve conduction studies?

The median nerve is most commonly tested in upper extremity nerve conduction studies because it plays a critical role in hand and finger function. This nerve innervates the majority of the flexor muscles in the forearm and provides sensation to the palmar aspect of the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and part of the ring finger. As a result, conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome, which involves compression of the median nerve at the wrist, are prevalent and warrant thorough evaluation.

In clinical practice, the median nerve's path makes it easily accessible for testing, providing clear data on conduction velocity and potential abnormalities. This data is essential for diagnosing conditions like neuropathies or determining the effectiveness of treatments.

Testing the median nerve also yields informative results about both motor and sensory function, making it a favorable choice in assessing the upper extremity. Other nerves, while important, do not provide the same breadth of information or have the same frequency of conditions associated with them that necessitate testing.