Which structure is primarily affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?

Carpal tunnel syndrome predominantly affects the median nerve. This condition occurs when the median nerve, which runs through the carpal tunnel in the wrist, becomes compressed. The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway surrounded by bones and ligaments, and swelling or inflammation in this area can lead to pressure on the median nerve. This nerve is responsible for the sensation in the palmar side of the thumb, index, middle, and part of the ring finger, as well as controlling some of the small muscles at the base of the thumb.

Because of the anatomical location of the carpal tunnel and the median nerve's path through it, symptoms such as pain, tingling, and numbness can arise in the affected fingers. Understanding the anatomy and function of the median nerve is crucial for recognizing the implications of carpal tunnel syndrome and providing appropriate management strategies.